Overview
Calcium Fluoride, with the chemical formula CaF₂ and CAS number 7789-75-5, is an inorganic compound composed of calcium and fluorine. Naturally occurring as the mineral *fluorite* or *fluorspar*, this compound is well-known for its distinctive cubic crystal structure and high optical transparency across a wide range of wavelengths.
Key Properties
– Molecular Formula: CaF₂
– Molar Mass: 78.07 g/mol
– Appearance: White powder or crystalline solid
– Melting Point: 1,418 °C
– Boiling Point: 2,533 °C
– Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
– Density: 3.18 g/cm³
Its notable physical characteristics—especially its hardness and resistance to most acids—make it suitable for demanding applications in engineering and optical systems.
Industrial and Scientific Applications
1. Optical Industry
Calcium fluoride is widely used in the manufacture of optical components such as lenses and windows due to its excellent transmission properties in the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared (IR) spectrums. Its low refractive index reduces the need for anti-reflective coatings.
2. Metallurgy
In metal production, particularly steelmaking, CaF₂ serves as a flux to lower the melting point of raw materials and remove impurities. This helps in refining processes and enhances energy efficiency in furnaces.
3. Laser and Photonics
Due to its low absorption and high damage threshold, CaF₂ is an ideal material for high-power laser optics and spectroscopic windows. It is particularly valued in ultraviolet laser systems and excimer lasers.
4. Ceramics and Glass Manufacturing
Calcium fluoride is used in specialized glass formulations to enhance durability and UV resistance. It’s also a key component in certain ceramics requiring specific thermal and mechanical properties.
5. Chemical Industry
CaF₂ is used as a source of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in the chemical synthesis of various fluorine-containing compounds. It plays a role in producing refrigerants, propellants, and other fluorochemicals.
Safety and Handling
While calcium fluoride is generally considered stable and non-reactive under normal conditions, handling it in industrial settings requires appropriate precautions:
– Inhalation of dust should be avoided; use proper respiratory protection in powder-processing environments.
– Eye and skin protection are recommended to prevent mechanical irritation.
– Storage should be in a dry, well-ventilated area, away from acids which can react with CaF₂ to release hydrogen fluoride gas, a toxic substance.
Always refer to the material safety data sheet (MSDS) for detailed handling and first aid instructions.
Conclusion
Calcium fluoride (CAS: 7789-75-5) is a highly valued material across multiple technical domains due to its durability, chemical stability, and unique optical properties. From high-performance optics to industrial metallurgy, its versatile nature ensures its continued relevance in both established and emerging technologies.
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